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Annual Review of Medicine

Volume 73, 2022

The Gut Microbiome: Connecting Diet, Glucose Homeostasis, and Disease

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes rates continue to rise unabated, underscoring the need to better understand the etiology and potential therapeutic options available for this disease. The gut microbiome plays a role in glucose homeostasis, and diabetes is associated with alterations in the gut microbiome. Given that consumption of a Western diet is associated with increased metabolic disease, and that a Western diet alters the gut microbiome, it is plausible that changes in the gut microbiota mediate the dysregulation in glucose homeostasis. In this review, we highlight a few of the most significant mechanisms by which the gut microbiome can influence glucose regulation, including changes in gut permeability, gut–brain signaling, and production of bacteria-derived metabolites like short-chain fatty acids and bile acids. A better understanding of these pathways could lead to the development of novel therapeutics to target the gut microbiome in order to restore glucose homeostasis in metabolic disease.

Keyword(s): bile acids, diabetes, gut microbiota, high-fat diet, short-chain fatty acids
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2022-01-27
2024-05-04
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/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-med-042220-012821
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The Gut Microbiome: Connecting Diet, Glucose Homeostasis, and Disease
Annual Review of Medicine 73, 469 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-042220-012821
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-med-042220-012821
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-med-042220-012821
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